Abstract
Type material of Encyonema angustecapitatum Krammer was investigated to establish the identity of several Brazilian Encyonema populations. In order to elucidate the differences and similarities of that species complex, morphological features under light and scanning electron microscopy were detailed. Notes on their distribution were also discussed. MDS analysis distinguished four Encyonema species presently described as new to science: Encyonema acquapurae sp. nov., Encyonema sparsistriatum sp. nov., Encyonema tenue sp. nov. and Encyonema paradisiacum sp. nov. The four new species can be separated on the basis of a combination of the following morphological features: valve outline, axial area, valve length, valve width, length to width ratio, number of striae in 10 μm and number of areolae in 10 μm. Regarding ecological preferences, all four species were mainly found in oligotrophic and oligo-mesotrophic environments.
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