Abstract
Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the morphology and cytochemistry of the endocrine epithelial system in the lung. To date, the histological, histochemical, and ultrastructural characteristics as well as the bioactive substances of neuroepithelial endocrine (NEE) cells of the lung are well-known. The shape of the NEE cells, whether solitary or grouped into clusters, with a narrow apical portion bearing villous projections into the airway lumen, is indicative of a receptor function. The basal portion is found adjacent to capillaries and may be synaptically connected with varicosities of subepithelial nerve fibers. Ultrastructurally, the nervous connections are suggestive of both afferent and efferent innervation. Most of these cells are located in strategic positions at the bifurcations of the bronchial tree. It seems likely that these structures perceive changes in the intraluminal environment of the lung, upon which they respond by releasing their secretory products. This assumption is supported by the fact that the NEE cells are degranulated by hypoxia releasing 5-HT. Possibly 5-HT, presumably released in association with polypeptides, could then influence their specific target cells via synaptic structures, local action, or in a vascular way.
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