Morphological Variation of Ingerophrynus parvus (Boulenger, 1887) in Peninsular Thailand

Abstract

Ingerophrynus parvus (Boulenger, 1887) or Stream Toad is widely distributed in Southeast Asia region including Thailand. 41 samples from 3 localities, i.e., Ngao Waterfall National Park, Khao Chong Wildlife Development and Conservation Promotion Station and Hala-Bala Wildlife Sanctuary in peninsular Thailand were examined the morphological variation by external morphology observation (Binomial test) and morphometric analysis (ANOVA analysis). There are 5 from 15 morphological characters show significantly different among localities. Moreover, the morphometric analyses showed 8 significant characters from 16 morphometric characters which emphasize the shape variation among localities. Furthermore, the discriminant analysis shows samples from Khao Chong Wildlife Development and Conservation Promotion Station and Hala-Bala Wildlife Sanctuary are high homogeneity than samples from Ngao waterfall National park. Then, as the variation in morphology of Ingerophrynus parvus occur, the sharing morphological characters are still remaining among populations in the same time. Therefore, the requirement of specifically in microhabitat and the poor ability of dispersion among the toad populations, cooperate with the isolated mountain ranges might act as the barriers and disrupted sharing gene pool among localities, which cause diversity in morphological characters through time.