Abstract
Study of the morphologic peculiarities of free-living stages of nematodes of the Strongyloides genus is important in differential diagnostics of pathogens. We studied the parasite of goats (Capra aegagrus hircus Linnaeus, 1758) – Strongyloides papillosus (Wedl, 1856); the parasite of horses (Equus ferus caballus Linnaeus, 1758) – S. westeri Ihle, 1917; the parasite of swine (Sus scrofa Linnaeus, 1758 ) – S. ransomi Schwartz & Alicata, 1930; the parasite of dogs (Canis lupus familiaris Linnaeus, 1758) – S. stercoralis (Bavay, 1876). Rhabditiform larvae (L1, L2), filarial larvae (L3), mature males (M) and free-living females (F) were analyzed for each of the four species by five morphological parameters: body length (Lb), total maximum body width (Sb), length of the esophagus (Lo), length of the intestine (Le), length of the tail end (Lc); for females, we additionally examined length from the head end to the vulva (Lv) and the number of formed eggs in the uterus cavity (E), and for males – length of spicules (Ls). First stage larvae of S. papillosus and S. stercoralis significantly differed in all parameters, and first stage larvae of S. westeri and S. stercoralis significantly differed in four out of five parameters. By indices of ratios of total maximum body width (Sb) to body length (Lb), length of the esophagus (Lo) to length of the intestine (Le), length of the tail end (Lc) to body length (Lb), length of the intestine (Le) to body length (Lb), a reliable difference was recorded between L1 of S. papillosus and S. ransomi, L3 of S. papillosus and S. westeri, S. westeri and S. ransomi, between males of S. papillosus and S. westeri, S. westeri and S. stercoralis, between females of S. papillosus and S. westeri, S. papillosus and S. stercoralis. All four examined species were observed to have reliable differences of ratio of length of esophagus to length of intestine in third stage larvae.
Highlights
Nematodes of the Strongyloides genus parasitize the small intestine of many species of wild and domestic mammals
Parameter of total maximum body width reliably differed for S. papillosus and S. ransomi, S. papillosus and S. stercoralis
We observed no reliable difference in this parameter for S. papillosus and S. westeri, S. westeri and S. ransomi, S. westeri and S. stercoralis, and S. ransomi and S. stercoralis (Fig. 2b)
Summary
Nematodes of the Strongyloides genus parasitize the small intestine of many species of wild and domestic mammals. In most farms of East Africa, swine are recorded to be infested with nematodes of the Strongylida order, parasites of the gastrointestinal tract, Metastrongylus spp., Ascaris suum Goeze, 1782, S. ransomi, and Trichuris suis Schrank, 1788. Nematodes were identified in 67.8% of swine, out of which 31.3% of animals had mixed infestations: 10 species of helminths were found: Oesophagostomum dentatum (39.1%), T. suis (32.2%), A. suum (28.7%), Oesophagostomum quadrispinulatum (14.8%), Trichostrongylus colubriformis (10.4%), T. axei (4.3%), S. ransomi (4.3%), Hyostrongylus rubidus (1.7%), Ascarops strongylina (1.7%) and Physocephalus sexalutus (0.9%). Other species of swine nematodes recorded on free-range farms in Kanya are rarer; A. suum (18%), Metastrongylus spp. The examination of swine in Burkina Faso revealed that out of 383 examined swine, 91% were infested with A. suum helminths (extensivity of the infestation was 40%; intensity of infestation – 100–1400 EPG (eggs per gram of feces)) – commonest species, other species were S. ransomi (21%; 100–4200 EPG), Oesophagostomum spp.
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