Abstract
: Problem statement: Mexico is the third largest producer and exporter of chickpea (Cicer arietinum), with the states of Sinaloa and Sonora accounting for 70 and 20% of Mexico’s production, respectively. The most damaging disease affecting this species is caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. Ciceris (FOC), which causes losses of up to 60% in Sonora. The objective of this study was to isolate and characterize the phenotype and genetics of FOC collected from affected chickpea plants in northwestern Mexico and to identify the abiotic factors that allow it to develop. Approach: Sampling focused on affected plants from 12 crops in Sonora and Sinaloa. Based on 355 isolated strains, using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) 161 were positive for FOC. Results: Of the 161 strains, 91 were identified as races previously recorded for the Americas: Yellowing (R0 (41%), R1B/C (15%) and wilting (R5 (14%) and R6 (28%) reflecting the symptoms observed in the areas sampled. The other 70 isolates could be nonpathogenic, or could be races yet to be recorded for the Americas. Conclusion: Morphological variability in FOC was high in the main chickpea producing regions in northwestern Mexico and was not a function of the physical and chemical properties of the soil, nor of the geographic location of the cropfields. This is the first report of races of FOC in Mexico.
Highlights
Chickpeas (Cicer arietinum L.) are grown during winter under different agroclimate conditions in the northwestern states of Sinaloa, Sonora and Baja California in Mexico
Chickpea crop yield varies depending on the cultivar, climate conditions and disease; among the latter are root rot caused by a complex of fungi such as Fusarium, Rhizoctonia, Macrophomina and Sclerotium, leaf diseases caused by Botrytis cinerea Pers., Peronospora sp., Uromyces ciceris-arietini (Grognot) Jacz. and G
Moisture was removed and five root sections were placed in each Petri dish which contained Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA; Difco) acidified to 1.4 with 10% tartaric acid and 500 mg L−1 chloramphenicol
Summary
Chickpeas (Cicer arietinum L.) are grown during winter under different agroclimate conditions in the northwestern states of Sinaloa, Sonora and Baja California in Mexico. There are two pathotypes of the disease caused by FOC: yellowing and wilting. In addition to the symptomology that FOC produces in chickpea, eight pathogenic races are known (0, 1A, 1B/C, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6) and can be identified by the differential reactions they produce in the plant: yellowing is produced by 0 and 1B/C, while the others cause wilting. Chickpea wilt has been detected in 60% of the soils of La Costa de Hermosillo, Sonora, while in Sinaloa losses of 20% have been recorded (Manjarrez-Sandoval et al, 2004) and losses of 10 to 90% have been reported for other countries (Landa et al, 2006; Sharma and Muehlbauer, 2007). Excess its pathogenic race and their relationship to abiotic factors where this fungus is found
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