Morphological Study of Human Cadaveric Liver and its Surgical Significance

Abstract

Introduction: The liver is the largest organ of the abdominal viscera. Knowledge of anatomy of liver and its variations is indispensable for accurate diagnosis of cases by radiologists, and prevention of unwanted surgical complications by surgeons. Many researchers have studied the segmental anatomy of the liver, but there are very few studies regarding the surface variations of liver. Aim: To document the surface variations of liver and discuss them from clinical perspective. Materials and Methods: This observational cross-sectional study was conducted from August 2015 to May 2019 on 50 liver specimens in the Department of Anatomy, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College. These livers were observed for any surface variations such as abnormal fissures or lobes, elongation or hypoplasia of lobes, etc. Data were tabulated and stats were calculated in percentages. Descriptive analysis of data has been carried out and mentioned in the study. Results: In the present study, out of 50 liver specimens, variations were observed in 42 (84%) specimens. Accessory fissures were seen in 16 (32%) specimens. Elongated left lobe was present in 7 (14%) specimens. Pons hepatis, which is a bridge of tissue connecting the quadrate lobe and the left lobe was observed in 8(16%) specimens. Caudate lobe variations observed in this study were abnormal fissures and hypertrophied papillary process. Conclusion: The present study documents frequent morphological variations of liver such as elongated left lobe, accessory lobes, etc. Elongated left lobe may be related to fundus of stomach which should be kept in mind during left lobe resection. The radiologists can confuse accessory lobes or projections with pathological mass. Knowledge of these variations will undoubtedly help radiologists and surgeons to prevent misdiagnosis of cases and plan newer and safer surgical procedures.