Abstract
This research aimed at establishing the morphology of the root and sizes under various irrigation cultures. The comparison was made for root to shoot ratio under the traditional culture of flooding. We hypothesize that, due to limited root system development under aerobic conditions, rice is poorly adapted to different environments. In the meantime, there has to be an increase in demand for grain and output per area, as newly planted areas are scarce. This study discusses the latest theoretical physiological, metabolic and genetic factors affecting nitrogen intake and use in different N processes. It covers the root system's position and nitrate- ammonium assimilation and its relationship with Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE) and Water Use Efficiency (WUE), were discussed. Phenotyping and molecular breeding techniques concerning N and water regimes and genetic diversity were also evaluated and simulated.
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