Abstract
The morphology, microhardness and dentin permeability of the furcation region of maxillary premolars were evaluated. Ten premolars were cut lengthwise and the furcation region was delimited. In one group (n=10) microhardness was measured in the buccal, central and palatal regions, in the outer middle and inner layers of the furcation, and in the buccal and palatal regions adjacent to the furcation. Knoop hardness was tested with 10 g load for 15 s. Data were analyzed statistically by ANOVA and Tukey-Kramer test (a=0.05). In the other group (n=10) confocal microscopy was used to study dentin morphology. Other 10 specimens were instrumented with ProTaper and immersed in 10% copper sulfate for analysis of permeability under light microscopy. About microhardness, there was no significant difference (p>0.05) among the buccal (39.9±3.1), central (39.5±4.4) and palatal (39.7±5.0) regions of the furcation, or between these regions and the adjacent buccal (39.1±5.8) and palatal (39.7±5.8) regions (p>0.05). The inner layer (42.3±3.7) had significantly higher microhardness (p<0.05) than the outer layer (37.1±3.9). There was a tendency of calcification of the dentinal tubules from the outer towards the inner layer. The percentage of stained area was 12.45±2.0%, restricted to the outer layer. The buccal, central and palatal regions of the furcation as well as the buccal and palatal adjacent regions had similar microhardness values. In conclusion, the inner dentin layer is harder than the outer dentin layer. The dentinal tubules are sinuous and intertwine towards the middle layer. Dye penetration is restricted to the outer layer.
Highlights
The physical and morphological characteristics of the coronal and radicular dentin tissue have been evaluated in different human dental groups [1,2]
With virtually no visible light (Fig. 2B3). The tissue in this region appears the as a compact mass that extends across the entire inner layer until it is limited by cement tissue at the root bifurcation (Fig. 2A)
The analysis of dentin tissue hardness was performed in the three longitudinal axes of the furcation, here termed the buccal, central, and palatal regions and showed that there is a similarity of microhardness among them
Summary
The physical and morphological characteristics of the coronal and radicular dentin tissue have been evaluated in different human dental groups [1,2]. Furcation is considered as the area or region located between two or more roots, anatomically and usually divided at its base [3]. A previous study showed that the furcation of mandibular molars is constituted, in a large part, by amorphous and less tubular dentin than the primary, being highly resistant to the penetration of fluids [5]. Based on these studies, it may be suggested that dentin morphology in the furcation area has specific characteristics different from the other areas
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