Morphological reassessment of the movable calcar of delphacid planthoppers (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Delphacidae)

Darya Markevich,Marcin Walczak,Oleg Borodin,Jacek Szwedo,Jolanta Brożek

doi:10.1038/s41598-021-01771-9

Darya Markevich, Marcin Walczak + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-01771-9

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Abstract

This study presents the morphology of calcar in adult Delphacidae based on representatives of the genera Ugyops Guérin-Meneville, 1834, Notuchus Fennah, 1969 (Ugyopini), Asiraca Latreille, 1798 (Asiracini), Kelisia Fieber, 1866, (Kelisini), Stenocranus Fieber, 1866 (Stenocranini), Chloriona Fieber, 1866, Megadelphax Wagner, 1963, Muellerianella Wagner, 1963, Javesella Fennah, 1963, Conomelus Fieber, 1866, Euconomelus Haupt, 1929, Hyledelphax Vilbaste, 1968, Stiroma Fieber, 1866, Struebingianella Wagner, 1963 and Xanthodelphax Wagner, 1963 (Delphacini). We used SEM electron microscopy, to define seven types of calcar structure (Types 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9) based on combinations of characters including shape, number of teeth and differentiation of sensory structures in species from fifteen genera. Additionally, two other types (Types 3 and 4) were determined based on the calcar descriptions from previous studies. Similarities and differences in calcar structure and function were discussed and emerging relationships between planthopper species and their particular habitats were indicated.

Highlights

This study presents the morphology of calcar in adult Delphacidae based on representatives of the genera Ugyops Guérin-Meneville, 1834, Notuchus Fennah, 1969 (Ugyopini), Asiraca Latreille, 1798 (Asiracini), Kelisia Fieber, 1866, (Kelisini), Stenocranus Fieber, 1866 (Stenocranini), Chloriona Fieber, 1866, Megadelphax Wagner, 1963, Muellerianella Wagner, 1963, Javesella Fennah, 1963, Conomelus Fieber, 1866, Euconomelus Haupt, 1929, Hyledelphax Vilbaste, 1968, Stiroma Fieber, 1866, Struebingianella Wagner, 1963 and Xanthodelphax Wagner, 1963 (Delphacini)
The studied materials come from the collections of the Upper Silesian Museum in Bytom (USMB) (Notuchus and Ugyops), the collection of the Zoology Research Team, University of Silesia in Katowice (DZUS) and the collection of the Laboratory of Terrestrial Invertebrates (LTIB)—State Scientific and Production Amalgamation The Scientific and Practical Center for Bioresources, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus
The present study distinguished nine types of the calcar structure based on the combination of characters of its shape, number of teeth and differentiation of sensory structures

Summary

Introduction

This study presents the morphology of calcar in adult Delphacidae based on representatives of the genera Ugyops Guérin-Meneville, 1834, Notuchus Fennah, 1969 (Ugyopini), Asiraca Latreille, 1798 (Asiracini), Kelisia Fieber, 1866, (Kelisini), Stenocranus Fieber, 1866 (Stenocranini), Chloriona Fieber, 1866, Megadelphax Wagner, 1963, Muellerianella Wagner, 1963, Javesella Fennah, 1963, Conomelus Fieber, 1866, Euconomelus Haupt, 1929, Hyledelphax Vilbaste, 1968, Stiroma Fieber, 1866, Struebingianella Wagner, 1963 and Xanthodelphax Wagner, 1963 (Delphacini). We used SEM electron microscopy, to define seven types of calcar structure (Types 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9) based on combinations of characters including shape, number of teeth and differentiation of sensory structures in species from fifteen genera. Delphacids comprise 2217 species in 427 genera and six subfamilies w orldwide[1,2] These planthoppers are associated mostly with monocotyledonous plants, especially grasses and sedges[3,4,5]. Other distinctive characters include: basitmetarsomere and midmetarsomere with a row of apical teeth; ovipositors enormously long dividing the sternites right to the base of the abdomen; the tegmina membranous or somewhat thickened (especially when brachypterous), and held tent-like; they may be clear or patterned. The calcar and its features are used to differentiate major groups within the family

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