Abstract
The aim of this study was to defi ne the actual model of body composition status of working age women in the territory of Belgrade. The sample comprised 109 women respondents, of an average age of 35.2±9.5 and the length of service = 9.6±9.3 years. All measurements were performed in the period from 2011–2012 in the Teaching -research laboratory of the Faculty of Sport and Physical Education of the University of Belgrade, by applying stadardised procedure of electrical multichannel bioimpedance method. The researched encompassed twenty-two (22) variables – fourteen basic (14) and eight (8) derived (index) variables. Basic variables were: BH – body height, BM – body mass, ICF – intracellular fl uid, ECW – extracellular fl uid, TBW – total body fl uids, Proteins, Minerals, BMC (Osseous) – bone mineral contents, BFM – total body fat mass, SMM – skeletal muscle mass, VFA – visceral fat area, BCM – body cell mass, BMR – basal metabolic rate, FIS – fi tness score as assessment of body composition. The derived (index) variables were: BMI – body mass index, PBF% - percent of body fat, PBW - percent of body water, PFI - protein fat index, PSMM – percent of skeletal muscle mass, SMMD – skeletal muscle mass density, OBMi – Osseous-body mass index, PBMi – protein body mass index. The results showed that the average body mass of the respondents was 67.66±13.39 kg, body height 167.04±6.62 cm, body mass index 24.27±4.66 kg/m2, muscle mass 26.55±4.46 kg, muscle mass percentage 29.09±8.47, body fat mass 20.52±9.74 kg, body fat percentage 29.09±8.47, visceral fat area was 77.92±40.23 cm2 and fi tness score 73.23±6.75 of index points. The obtained results led to the conclusion that the current morphological status of the studied women partially corresponds to a type of normal weight. BMI and the representation of body fat had nearly limiting values towards obesity. A very high percentage of women was recorded in the category of pre-obese and obese according to BMI (40%) and PSMM (36%). Based on the results of this study, it can be claimed that the four-dimensional model (4D model) of body composition of working-age women from the measured sample has the following characteristics: in women of average body mass of 67.66 kg – water content is 34.58 L or 51.11%, protein mass is 9.25 kg or 13.68%, mineral mass is 3.30 kg or 4.88% and fat mass is 20.25 kg or 30.32%.
Highlights
Body structure – composition implies the set of substances the human organism is made of (Heyward, & Stolarczyk, 1996)
Based on the results of descriptive statistics (Table 1), it can be seen that only three analysed variables have the coefficient of variation values higher than 30%, that is, they can be described as insufficiently homogeneous, and these are: body fat mass (BFM, cV% = 47.47%), visceral fat area (VFA, cV% = 51.63%) and protein-fat index (PFI, cV% = 47.44%)
It was determined that the distribution of six variables differs from hypothetically regular one, and these are: body mass and body mass index (BM, p=0.038 and BMI, p=0.006), body fat mass (BFM, p=0.025), value of basal metabolic rate and fitness score (BMR, p=0.002 and FIS, p=0.002), and skeletal muscle mass density (IGM, p=0.000)
Summary
Body structure – composition implies the set of substances the human organism is made of (Heyward, & Stolarczyk, 1996). That way the levels and proportion(s) of certain elements or segments can be determined more precisely (Macura, et al, 2010), which can be important in research or clinical work. To determine quantitative indicators and the proportion of body composition, several methods have been developed (Heyward, & Stolarczyk, 1996), while comparing and validating is still performed of different techniques and measurement methods in relation to themselves, in relation to different characteristics of the population of people or in relation to different treatment of effects on modification of the same (Janković, et al, 2008; Gába, et al, 2009; Macura, et al, 2010; Stoiljković, Mandarić, Todorović, & Mitić, 2010; Ilić et al, 2012). InBody 720 (http://inbody. rs/), as a measuring instrument, allows the direct measurement of basic elements of body composition (Heyward & Stolarczyk, 1996; Gába et al, 2008; Macura et al, 2010)
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