Abstract
The results many years of research in the conditions of the Altai low mountains are given the assessment of hybrid apple populations from heterploid crosses according to the characteristics: resistance to scab, degree of culture, growth strength, stem thickness, leaf thickness, leaf index, morphometry of the graft and stipules, ploidy. The correlation was established by the studied indications with the triploid set of chromosomes of hybrids from heteroploidy’s crosses. It is shown that the cytological assessment of karyotypes selected for a complex of morphological features is required in a significantly smaller volume, and varieties of siberian selection are capable for partial formation of germ sacs with a diploid set of chromosomes. Morphological markers for apple tree selection at the polyploid level were determined by identifying seedlings in the juvenile stage with a triploid set of chromosomes inside a hybrid population. The application of morphological markers makes it possible to identify from 14 to 100% of seedlings with a triploid set of chromosomes in dependence on the original tetraploid form.
Highlights
Polyploidy of many cultivated plants is the foundation of evolution [1]. Their advantage is manifested in a wide geographical spreading, in achievement greater genetic, species, ecotypic and biogenetic variability, better ecological adaptation, change the morphology, biochemistry and physiological characteristics of plants [2, 3]
The purpose of our research: to identify a complex of morphological markers associated with increased ploidy for the select of valuable genotypes of apple-trees from heterploid crosses by the juvenile stage of development
On the basis of morphobiological signs of hybrid seedlings in a selections nursery in order to establish their conjugation with a triploid set of chromosomes in the combinations of crossing from the maternal initial forms Altajskoe purpurovoe, Suvenir Altaya, Co-81907 was revealed the degree of correlation
Summary
Polyploidy of many cultivated plants is the foundation of evolution [1] Their advantage is manifested in a wide geographical spreading, in achievement greater genetic, species, ecotypic and biogenetic variability, better ecological adaptation, change the morphology, biochemistry and physiological characteristics of plants [2, 3]. In the global apple tree assortment have been identified spontaneous triploids, of which 15 have commercial value [3, 15]. Purposeful work on the creation of apple sorts at the polyploid level in Russia was started in 1970 at All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding The purpose of our research: to identify a complex of morphological markers associated with increased ploidy (triploidy) for the select of valuable genotypes of apple-trees from heterploid crosses by the juvenile stage of development
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