Morphological investigation of canine epigastric organs and adjacent structures via computed tomography, ultrasound and anatomical prosection

Abstract

The canine epigastric organs, their locations and visualization of these components are essential for veterinary practice and anatomical research. Despite their importance, conflicts and discrepancies in the published material, to date, still exist, even in a species that has been studied extensively. The aim of this research was to undertake computed tomography, and anatomical sections from differing views and levels in addition to the ultrasound appearance of the main organs of the epigastria region. The epigastric organs, and associated anatomical features and landmarks that affected by stomach fullness were described in relation to their relative positions, visual appearance and general anatomy for both empty and filled stomachs. These features were not only described, but also compared against the published literature.