Morphological features of bone regenerate when using bone plastic material based on collagen hydrogel in an experiment

Abstract

Background: Bone-plastic materials of various origin are used when it is necessary to restore or increase the volume of bone tissue of the jaws. Collagen hydrogel of xenogenic origin is a relatively new form of materials used for bone grafting, and is of interest for studying its osteoplastic properties.
 Aim: Morphological evaluation of osteoplastic properties of a material based on collagen hydrogel in an experiment.
 Material and methods: to evaluate the osteoplastic properties of collagen hydrogel, an experimental study was conducted on laboratory animals. A model of a critical defect in the cranial vault of rats was chosen for the study. In the experimental group, the defect was filled with xenogenic bone matrix and collagen hydrogel. In the comparison group, the defect was filled with xenogenic bone matrix. morphological evaluation of bone regeneration of samples of the experimental group and the comparison group was performed at different study periods.
 Results and their discussion:
 After the first month of observation, the histological picture in the samples of the experimental group and the comparison group had no significant differences. After two months of the study, the formation of an osseomucoid and the appearance of an insignificant number of osteoblasts were observed in the experimental group, while in the comparison group the stromal component was represented only by collagen fibers. After three months of observation, the organization of the stromal component was determined in the comparison group, single osteoblasts were observed, whereas in the experimental group the stromal component was partially replaced by a bone plate, and the cellular composition was represented by osteoblasts, osteocytes and osteoclasts.
 Conclusion: The addition of collagen hydrogel to the bone plastic material provides not only acceleration of the process of osteoreparation, but also the formation of a regenerate having the correct histoarchitectonics. The issue of using collagen hydrogel as a component of bone-plastic materials is promising and requires further study.