Abstract
Tissue engineering is faced with an uphill challenge to design a platform with appropriate topography and suitable surface chemistry, which could encourage desired cellular activities and guide bone tissue regeneration. To develop such scaffolds, composite nanofiber scaffolds of nHA and sHA with PLGA were fabricated using electrospinning technique. nHA was synthesized using precipitation method, whereas sHA was purchased. The nHA and sHA were suspended in PLGA solution separately and electrospun at optimized electrospinning parameters. The composite nanofiber scaffolds were characterized by FE-SEM, EDX analysis, TEM, XRD analysis, FTIR, and X-ray photoelectron. The potential of the HA/PLGA composite nanofiber as bone scaffolds in terms of their bioactivity and biocompatibility was assessed by culturing the osteoblastic cells onto the composite nanofiber scaffolds. The results from in vitro studies revealed that the nHA/PLGA composite nanofiber scaffolds showed higher cellular adhesion, proliferation, and enhanced osteogenesis performance, along with increased Ca+2 ions release compared to the sHA/PLGA composite nanofiber scaffolds and pristine PLGA nanofiber scaffold. The results show that the structural dependent property of HA might affect its potential as bone scaffold and implantable materials in regenerative medicine and clinical tissue engineering.
Highlights
IntroductionIn the modern research world, electrospinning is one of the most frequently used techniques for the preparation of nonwoven fibrous materials with an ultrafine diameter (ranging from few nanometers to several hundred nanometers or even micrometers), high surface area per unit mass, and small interfibrous pore size [1,2,3]
In the modern research world, electrospinning is one of the most frequently used techniques for the preparation of nonwoven fibrous materials with an ultrafine diameter, high surface area per unit mass, and small interfibrous pore size [1,2,3]
Electrospun nanofiber mats of biocompatible polymers are of particular interest to bioengineers for potential applications in the fields of protein purification, drug delivery, enhanced immobilization, adhesion of biomacromolecules or cells, wound dressing, and so forth [4, 5]
Summary
In the modern research world, electrospinning is one of the most frequently used techniques for the preparation of nonwoven fibrous materials with an ultrafine diameter (ranging from few nanometers to several hundred nanometers or even micrometers), high surface area per unit mass, and small interfibrous pore size [1,2,3]. Numerous in vivo and in vitro studies have been carried out to examine the biocompatibility of HA nanocrystals with bones and teeth. The results of these studies have allowed researchers to use HA as a bone substituent [9, 10] with either natural or synthetic polymer. It is one of the most reliable and frequently used implant materials in bone tissue engineering [11,12,13]. Regardless of the extensive literature on the synthesis of nanosize HA with a range of morphologies, such as spheres, nanorods, and nanofibers, very few reports are available on combining
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