Abstract
An improved classification of the origin of lake depressions due to geological, geomorphological factors and climate change is a requirement of the day in Mongolia. We present a new holistic classification using comparative analysis method. This study suggests a two-tier classification in terms of origin and morphological feature of the lakes, which replaces the previous one-tier classification. Mongolia has identified 11 main and 26 subtypes of origin, and 8 main types of morphology, based on the features of 32 lake depressions. The result of the study shows that the lakes of Mongolia developed in 3 stages, first, affected by tectonic movement, followed by glacial and finally, owing to other exogenic factors. This morphological classification study will create the basic conditions for preserving and using these lakes more efficiently and ecologically in the future by making the classification of the origin of lake depression.
Highlights
Lakes are defined as relatively large bodies of slowly moving or standing water surrounded by land [1]
The main purpose of this paper is to provide an update of the origin and morphological type of lake depressions, tie them with international classification, and to focus on Mongolian lake development, relating to the formation of lakes depressions
Comparison of lake depression classification According to Tserensodnom (1971), the genetic classification of the origin and morphological types of the lakes’ depressions in Mongolia is divided into two types, including endogenous and exogenous (Table 1)
Summary
Lakes are defined as relatively large bodies of slowly moving or standing water surrounded by land [1]. The study of the origin and morphological classification of the lake depression started more than 130 years ago [210]. The history of defining and determining the origin of Mongolia’s lake depressions is relatively young, only about 50 years [11]. Mongolia geographical location is unique with a comparatively high topography in the heart of Central Asia, which extends along the entire latitude [13,14]. Mongolian topography is the result of gradual transition conditions from the southern Siberian mountains to the steppes and Gobi Desert of Central Asia and from the northern cold humid climate to the southern arid climate [15].
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