Abstract
Sol-gel modified Pechini's method was used to prepare WO3 nanopowders using dicarboxylic acid and polyethylene glycol as the chelating agent and polymeric source, respectively. WO3 powders were first prepared by calcination of resin precursor at 550oC under various initial concentrations of metal ion (12.5-50 mmol), acid (125-500 mmol), a complexing agent (32-262 mmol), and polyethylene glycol (1-16.5 mmol) in the air atmosphere. The products were characterized using X-ray powder diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The results revealed that the WO3 nanopowders prepared with different amounts of chelating agent and polyethylene glycol, crystallized in monoclinic phase. The nanopowders were impurity-free due to the presence of the complexing agent and polyethylene glycol as carbon sources. Morphological evolution indicated that the nanopowders evolved from rod-like to regular and spherical shapes, depending on complexing agent and polyethylene glycol amounts. Nanopowders with an average particle size of approximately 58 nm and a narrow size distribution were obtained.
Highlights
Tungsten trioxide (WO3) as one of the most interesting material in the fields of material science and metallurgy is used in various industrial applications
This study mainly aimed at evaluating the morphology and size of the WO3 nanopowders synthesized by the sol-gel modified Pechini's method
Oxalic acid and PEG were added as chelating and resin agents, respectively
Summary
Tungsten trioxide (WO3) as one of the most interesting material in the fields of material science and metallurgy is used in various industrial applications. The routes include (1) hydrolysis and condensation of metal alkoxides; (2) gel making of aqueous solutions contain metal-chelates; and (3) esterification reaction between carboxylic acids (acetic, formic, oxalic) and polymer molecules (ethylene glycol) known as the Pechini's method[8,9]. This method is known as a simple approach for preparing metal oxide powders where polymeric precursors are made from metal salts, ethylene glycol, and Materials Research in the sol-gel method, there are some disadvantages in the case of tungsten alkoxide precursors. This study mainly aimed at evaluating the morphology and size of the WO3 nanopowders synthesized by the sol-gel modified Pechini's method
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