Morphological characteristics of sesame samples, different in seed color

Abstract

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) - a valuable oilseed crop in the fields of Ukraine, it can be successfully cultivated in the southern regions and provide a large economic profit to farmers. In order to develop sesame growing in Ukraine, it is necessary to create their own varieties of the corresponding quality. The purpose of the study: To select varieties of sesame seeds with different coloration of seeds and give them a morphometric characteristic. The material of the study was 145 samples from the sesame collection of the Institute of Oilseeds of the National Academy of Sciences, which were analyzed by color of the seeds, of which 5 samples were selected with dark shades of seminal skin. The collection of 7 cultivars of sesame was studied in 2014 and 2018. The difference between vegetation conditions in 2014 and 2018 caused a significant difference in terms of the height of the plant and the length of the box in the samples studied. All samples except K1117 in 2018 had significantly higher plant height and box length than in 2014. For all quantitative indicators that have a direct effect on yield, samples K884, K1250, K1369 and Schedri showed a significant increase in 2018 compared to 2014. From the samples studied, a high weight of 1000 seeds, more than 3 grams, formed samples K884, K1250 and K1369. In the collection of the Institute of Oilseeds of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine there are samples with different types of coloration of seeds from white to black. In 2018, samples of all types of coloration of seeds were found in the study: light beige, yellow-brown, brown, gray and black. A description of six samples was performed on all the signs of the vegetative and generative field of plants. Two samples with a strong dissection: K1257 and K1615 were distinguished according to the degree of cutting of the leaf blade. The light color of the K1340 and the dark K1250 are distinguished by the intensity of the green color of the leaves. The dimensions of the leaf blade were quite close in most of the samples, but only K884 differed markedly with small leaves. The relationship between length and width of the leaf was observed variability from 0.92 to 2.18. The K1340 sample had the smallest flush plates compared to all others. The longest petiole was found in the K1257 sample, and the shortest in K1340. Specimens with strong anthocyanin color were not detected. Thus, from the six samples, the K1257 and K1615 are distinguished from each other and differ from other very strong leaves dissection, high plant height and length of the petiole, and at the same time close to the unit, the ratio of leaf length to its width. Selected samples of sesame seeds with dark color of the seed skin: K1265 and K1615 with black, K1250 and K884 with brown, K1257 with a yellow-brown coloration. From the studied signs, monogamy of samples was not revealed simultaneously on the basis of vegetative and generative organs. The samples K1257 and K1615 are distinguished by the rounded form of the leaf blade, its high degree of dissection, high plants, but with different coloration of the seeds: yellow-brown and black. The K1340 sample is highlighted by the light coloration of leaves and seeds and elongated leaf form.