Abstract
The placenta is the most important and the only organ between mother and fetus, serving multiple functions endocrinal, respiratory, metabolic and main useful functions. Normal development of a placenta is the one of the important requirements for a healthy pregnancy, regulating fetal growth and fetal health. The objectives of this study were to compare the placental weight with the infant’s weight, to measure the placental diameter and to count the numbers of cotyledons in each placenta. The study was carried out among 240 infant, 102 females and 138 males, delivered at Omdurman new (Alsaudi) and Alshaikh Mohammed Ali Fadol hospitals of obstetrics gynecology. All infants were looked healthy and their weight ranged from 1.85 to 4.18 kg with mean of 3.02. The weight of placenta ranged between 0.35 to 0.77 kg with mean of 0.535 kg. Placental weight in males ranged between 0.35 to 0.75 kg with mean of 0.537 kg. While the female placental weight ranged between 0.4 to 0.77 kg with mean of 0.531 kg. The placental diameter ranged between 15 to 23 cm with mean 18.64 cm. The diameter in males ranged between 16 to 23 cm with mean 18.52 cm. In female was ranged from 15 to 23 cm with mean of 18.81 cm. The mean of cotyledons number was 19 with std. Deviation 1.362 and ranged from 16 to 22. The mean of number in males was 19.17 and ranged from 16 to 22 and in females the mean was 18.88 and ranged from 16 to 22. According to Pearson, Kendall's Tau-b and Spearman's rho correlations and found that there is a significant relationship between infant weight and placental weight.
Highlights
In gestation, the developing embryo is small and its nutritional and waste disposal needs are minor
The maximum weight heavier in female than male that came from the infant weight which was heavier in that case of male infant
In the present study found that the cotyledon numbers was approximately equal in both sex of babies (18 .5 ± 2.2, 19.2 ± 1.3) in female and male respectively
Summary
The developing embryo is small and its nutritional and waste disposal needs are minor. As it progresses from embryonic stage to fetal stage, more nutrients are required and a much more sophisticated means of satisfying the nutritional and waste disposal needs must be established This is accomplished only after the embryo develops a vascular system and can establish an effective and efficient interface (i.e, the placenta) between the mother’s vascular system and its own. In addition to nourishing the fetus and providing a means for disposing of its wastes, the placenta secretes a number of hormones, including the steroid hormones estrogen and progesterone. It secretes protein hormones and is the source of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG). Because hCG is found in the blood and urine of pregnant women, it is the basis for most common tests used to diagnose pregnancy
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