Abstract
Morphological changes of Giardia lamblia cysts after treatment with ozone, free chlorine, or combinations of oxidants were documented using transmission electron microscopy. Experiments were conducted using in vitro-derived G. lamblia cysts. Nucleic acid staining employing LIVE/DEAD BacLightTM was used for the evaluation of cyst viability. Cyst wall damage, plasmalemma breakage, lysis of peripheral vacuoles, and nuclear degradation were main features of cyst injury elicited by ozone or chlorine. Cell death pathways were found to be oxidant-specific. Morphological changes in G. lamblia cysts treated with both ozone and chlorine showed that the preconditioning of the cyst wall by exposure to the first oxidant allowed for easier penetration and increased damage induced by the second oxidant. Taken together, our results indicate that pretreatment of G. lamblia cysts with low doses of one oxidant significantly increases the susceptibility of the parasite to the sequentially applied second oxidant. Key words: ozone, chlorine, oxidation, Giardia, inactivation, morphology, cell death, synergy.
Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
