Abstract
In this study, we aimed to evaluate planted Henna in three sites in Morocco, namely, Alnif, Tafraoute Sidi Ali, and Tazzarine. Morphometric study shows that Tafraoute Sidi Ali Henna variety has highest geometric and weight parameters (length of 27.48 mm, width of 10.92 mm, specific mass of 25.1 mg/leaf, leaf area of 51, 53 mm2, and rib's number of 9.41) when compared to Alnif and Tazzarine varieties. On the other hand, biochemical analysis shows that Tazzarine Henna variety, in the first rank, is characterized by high levels of total sugars (11.27 g/100 g), reducing sugars (5.59 g/100 g), proteins (4.4 g/100g), lipids (3.05 g/100g), phenolic compounds (31.9 g/100 g), flavonoids (5.68 g/100 g), and tannins (5.5 g/100 g). Chromatographic study shows that Tazzarine Henna variety is rich in monocyclic and polycyclic phenolic compounds. Climatic conditions analysis shows that the morphometric and biochemical diversity is related to hydrous and thermal profiles of studied sites. As a conclusion of this work, we can recommend the use of morphometric analysis and phytochemical and chromatographic analysis to determine the quality of Henna in Morocco and elsewhere.
Highlights
Lawsonia inermis L., commonly known as Henna, belongs to Lythraceae family
To get a clearer and more concise idea about the state of the art on Moroccan Henna, we considered that it is useful to collect morphometric parameter to evaluate genetic characterization (Table 2)
We find Tafraoute Sidi Ali Henna variety with a total sugar content of 5.5 g/100g, reducing sugars of 2.35 g/100g, proteins of 0.95 g/100 g, lipids of 0.91 g/100 g, phenolic compounds of 27.1 g/100 g, flavonoids of 8.04 g/100 g, and tannins of 4.12 g/100 g
Summary
Lawsonia inermis L., commonly known as Henna, belongs to Lythraceae family. This plant, well known for its cosmetic and therapeutic virtues [1], is native to North Africa and SouthWest Asia [2]. Qualitative and quantitative analysis investigations may be key tools to verify Moroccan Henna quality. The lack of Henna normative standard prompted us to look for simple methods to assess assay potential counterfeits that may be harmful to public health in Morocco [9]. In this context, several intoxications have been reported by the Moroccan poisoning centre caused by counterfeits of Henna [8]. Morocco has established regulation focused on agricultural products distinctive origin and quality [10] In this optic, we have targeted the characterization of three varieties of Moroccan Henna to align with the said regulations. We have targeted morphometric, biochemical, and climatological analysis
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