Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate principal morphological and morphometric characteristics of accessory canals (ACs) of the anterior maxilla, as well as to analyze the relationship with nasopalatine canal (NPC) type. The results of our study showed that ACs were observed in almost 50% of participants. They were mostly presented bilaterally and in a curved shape, with a palatal foramen position. The morphometric characteristics of ACs were significantly influenced by NPC type. NPC type had the strongest impact on the distance between the NPC and AC, as well as on the distance between the AC and the facial aspect of buccal bone wall, in inferior parts of the alveolar ridge. On the other hand, the distance between the AC and central incisors was not significantly influenced by NPC shape in the lower region of the anterior maxilla. However, the participants with the banana-type of the NPC expressed the reduction in distance from the AC to the central incisor at the upper part in comparison with the subjects with the cylindrical-type of the NPC. On the basis of the results of this study, the simultaneous estimation of ACs and the NPC seems reasonable, as this approach may be useful in the prevention of complications which could occur during implant surgery interventions.
Highlights
The anterior maxilla is a region of interest for clinicians who perform various surgical interventions in oral and maxillofacial surgery, such as dental implant placement, cyst enucleation, orthognathic surgery, and the surgical removal of impacted and supernumerary teeth [1]
Numerous studies have shown the importance of the morphological estimation of the nasopalatine canal (NPC), as the most prominent anatomical structure in the anterior maxilla, which is helpful for clinicians during the planning of dental implant placement [3,4,5]
In order to provide a better insight into neurovascular distribution that depends on accessory canals (ACs)’ characteristics, having in mind that this may seriously affect the postoperative outcome of dental implant placements in the anterior maxilla, we presented data that could provide observed algorithms of potential clinical importance
Summary
The anterior maxilla is a region of interest for clinicians who perform various surgical interventions in oral and maxillofacial surgery, such as dental implant placement, cyst enucleation, orthognathic surgery, and the surgical removal of impacted and supernumerary teeth [1]. In addition to advanced diagnostic imaging in dentistry, the presence of accessory canals (ACs) is often neglected or misdiagnosed [6], and the damage of these structures during the implant placement may cause complications such as non-integration of a dental implant, mucosa necrosis, pain, paresthesia, hemorrhage, sensation of burning head in the occipital region, and neuropathy [7,8,9,10] The majority of these symptoms could be linked to disturbance to the neurovascular bundle in ACs. One of ACs in anterior maxilla, canalis sinuosus (CS) [11], originates from the infraorbital canal and carries the anterior superior alveolar nerve and vessels [12,13]. The predilection of AC foramen localization is palatal to the central incisors in approximately 57% [6]
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