Abstract
This study aimed to identify the species of hairtail caught in Pengandaran waters based on morphological, meristic character and molecular approach. In total 135 fish samples were collected from Pangandaran Waters, during March-April 2017. Each sample was identified, measured on 22 morphometric and 4 meristic characters, then analyzed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Molecular identification was conducted by sequenced of 16S rRNA gene. The result of the research showed that hairtail characterized by III spines and 125-140 soft rays of dorsal fin (D.III, 125-140), the anal fin situated below 38th to 41th of dorsal-fin soft ray, I spine and 10 soft rays of pectoral fin (P.I.10), and I spine and 91 to 112 spinules of anal fin (A.I.91-112). Based on the morphological identification, the hairtail was belonged to Trichiurus lepturus. Principal Component Analysis showing the morphometric variation was presented in the caudal peduncle length. Molecular analysis of mitochondrial DNA of the partial 16S rRNA gene confirmed the hairtail as T. lepturus with similarity 98-99% based on previously published data. Phylogenetic analysis showed that T. lepturus from Pangandaran were closely similar to related species caught from the Southern Coast of Yogyakarta Special Territory (Indian Ocean) and Hainan China (Pacific Ocean).
Highlights
Hairtail, a fish species belonging to Trichiuridae family, is characterized by the long and slim body with the elongated ribbon-shaped tail fin, wide mouth, longer lower jaw than the upper contains sharp and strong long pointed fang-like teeth
Morphometric characters were Total Length (TL), Dorsal fin based length (DFBL), Precaudal peduncle length (PPL), Preanal length (PAL), Caudal peduncle length (CPL), Head length (HL), Snout length (SL), Postorbital length (POL), Preopercle length (POP), Upper jaw length (UJL), Body depth at pectoral fin base (BDP), Body depth at anus (BDA), Body width at pectoral fin base (BWP), Body width at anus (BWA), Predorsal length (PDL), Longest pectoral fin ray length (LOPL), Last pectoral fin ray length (LPL), Membranous interorbital width (MIW), Bony interorbital width (BIW), Dermal eye opening (DEO), Suborbital width (SW), Post supraoccipital length (PSL), while 4 meristic character were Dorsal fin ray (DFR), Dorsal fin sof rays opposite first anal spine (DFS), Pectoral fin rays (PFR), and Anal fin ray s(AFR)
The number of soft rays of Trichiurus lepturus dorsal fin in Pangandaran has a longer range than T. lepturus in other places
Summary
A fish species belonging to Trichiuridae family, is characterized by the long and slim body with the elongated ribbon-shaped tail fin, wide mouth, longer lower jaw than the upper contains sharp and strong long pointed fang-like teeth. Several species of Trichiuridae found at the depth of 20-200 m are Eupleurogrammus, Lepturachantus, and Tentoriceps, while most of the genus Assurger, Evoxymetopon, Lepidopus, Trichiurus, Aphanopus, and Benthodesmus are limited at 100-500 m in the edge of the continental shelf and upper part of continental slope [1]. The identification of fish species can be conducted using morphometric and meristic characters. These characters can be used to distinguish several fish species [5], and to determine new species [6][7]. Molecular approaches have been introduced for accurate fish identification. This method can be used to identify genetic diversity among several closely related species living in different geographic locations [8]. Taxonomy status and phylogenetic relationship were considered as important information which is necessary to facilitate the determination priority for fisheries resources conservation
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