Morphological and Molecular Features of Porcine Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived From Different Types of Synovial Membrane, and Genetic Background of Cell Donors.

Puntita Siengdee,Siriluck Ponsuksili,Michael Oster,Henry Reyer,Torsten Viergutz,Klaus Wimmers

doi:10.3389/fcell.2020.601212

Abstract

Synovial mesenchymal stem cells (SMSCs) have become a great cell source for musculoskeletal stem cell research, especially related to cartilage and bone tissue regeneration, due to their superior cell proliferation properties and multidifferentiation potential into various cell lineages. This study revealed isolation methods, culture conditions, and morphological and molecular characterization of SMSCs derived fibrous synovium (FS) and adipose synovium (FP) of two pig breeds differing in growth performance [German Landrace (DL), and fat deposition (Angeln Saddleback (AS)]. Herein, FS possessed nucleated cell numbers nearly twice as high as those of FP at Passage 0. SMSCs derived from different types of synovial membrane and genetic background show similar cell morphologies and immunophenotypes, which were assessed by cell surface epitopes and multilineage differentiation potential, but differ significantly in their molecular characteristics. In addition, transcripts of SMSCs from AS were more enriched in IGF-1 signaling and VEGF ligand receptor, while SMSCs from DL were more enriched in growth hormone signaling and bone metabolism. The results indicate that genetics and tissues play significant roles for SMSC characteristics so that SMSCs can be traced back to the original cell donor and be used for fine turning in applications of medical research and therapies.

Highlights

Multipotent and self-renewing mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the potential to differentiate into various connective tissue cell lineages, such as osteocytes, adipocytes, chondrocytes, and even myocytes, under defined conditions (Mochizuki et al, 2006; Yamaguchi, 2014)
By examining specific surface epitopes; different osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation potentials together with the differential gene expression profiles between breeds and two different types of synovial tissues this study aims to compare the properties of these cell populations to characterize the most suitable and accessible sources of pig synovial mesenchymal stem cells (SMSCs), which have not been well reported to date
This study used porcine SMSCs harvested from stifle joints without any complex methods, and may present a routine isolation methodology for many other specific purposes

Summary

Introduction

Multipotent and self-renewing mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the potential to differentiate into various connective tissue cell lineages, such as osteocytes, adipocytes, chondrocytes, and even myocytes, under defined conditions (Mochizuki et al, 2006; Yamaguchi, 2014). There is growing evidence that isolation rates, and functional properties of the cells, which influence their applicability, depend on the source from which they are harvested, as well as the preparation and differentiation techniques applied (Parekkadan and Milwid, 2010; Baer, 2014; Yamaguchi, 2014). Synovium-derived cells have attracted significant interest as a potential source of MSCs and for clinical applications because their yield, expandability, proliferation potential, and differentiation potential are similar to, or even higher than, those of bone marrow, periosteum, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle in humans (Wickham et al, 2003; Sakaguchi et al, 2005; Mochizuki et al, 2006; Alegre-Aguarón et al, 2012), rats (Yoshimura et al, 2007), and dogs (Sasaki et al, 2018). Preparation and isolation methods for synovium-derived MSCs (SMSCs) from domestic pigs have not been well described though representing valuable non-rodent models for medical research approximating human conditions

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