Morphological and molecular diversity of blackgram germplasm collected from Odisha

Abstract

Blackgram [ Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper] is a leguminous crop and is an important source of plant-based protein. Twenty-nine genotypes of Indian blackgram were analyzed for genetic diversity using morphological, agronomical characters, and SSR markers. Yellow Mosaic Virus (YMV) showed a greater variability in percentage of infection among the blackgram genotypes. Cluster analysis of morphological characters showed cluster-II with high (~2.5% YMV) and moderate resistance (~5.0–12.0% YMV) genotypes and cluster-I with mostly susceptible genotypes (~30.0–95.5% YMV). A total of 39.51% bands were polymorphic out of the 104 SSR bands amplified. Cluster analysis of SSR markers of blackgram revealed cluster-I, consisted of 14 genotypes, having sub-cluster-I with released varieties including Ujala, Prasad-B-388, Pejua, including high YMV resistant check varieties TU942, PU-40, PU-31, LBG-17 and Pundibari Local; whereas, 5 genotypes of Odisha formed sub-cluster-II with a check variety PU-19 with moderate resistance. Cluster-II formed by 11 susceptible varieties with a check variety TAU-1. Cluster-III formed a mixed group consists of 4 moderate resistant varieties. Principal component analysis showed distinct cluster-I, and –II with resistant and susceptible genotypes. Out of the 4 genotypes of cluster-III, Ranipeta local found high resistance. Cluster-I had potential heterogeneous genotypes of moderate YMV-resistant genotypes (Bhabanipatna local, Cheripalli local, Deogaon local, Kendrapada local, Pejua, Prasad-B-388, Tigiria local, Ujala) suitable for breeding purposes. Genetically diverse resistant genotypes of cluster-I and –III genotypes might contribute to crosses among landraces of cluster-II for the blackgram genetic improvement program.