Morphological and molecular characterization of Pisolithus in soil under eucalyptus plantations in Brazil

Maria Catarina Megumi Kasuya,Yutaka Tamai,Daniela Tiago Da Silva Campos,Irene Da Silva Coelho,Elza Fernandes De Araújo,Toshizumi Miyamoto

doi:10.1590/s0100-06832010000600013

Abstract

Eighteen Pisolithus basidiomes were collected from Eucalyptus plantations in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. These basidiomes were characterized morphologically and molecularly. The basidiomes varied in shape, color and size. One of them was found underground, indicating a hypogeous fungus. The main morphological distinctive characteristic was spore ornamentation, which distinguished two groups. One group with short and erect spines was identified as Pisolithus microcarpus, and the other with long and curved spines as Pisolithus marmoratus, after analyzing the cladogram obtained by phylogenetic relationship based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of the nuclear ribosomal DNA of these isolates.

Highlights

Pisolithus is a group of gasteromycetes with worldwide distribution that form ectomycorrhizas with a wide range of angiosperm and gymnosperm tree species (Marx, 1977).The dispersal of ectomycorrhizal trees, such as eucalyptus and pine, outside their natural range, has resulted in the introduction of a narrow range of exotic ectomycorrhizal fungi into forest plantations in many countries of Europe, South America, Africa and Asia (Garbaye et al, 1988; Martin et al, 1998; Gomes et al, 2000; Díez et al, 2001; Singla et al, 2004; Reddy et al, 2005)
Since Pisolithus was described, several taxa have been proposed based on distinctive carpophore and basidiospore morphology (Marx, 1977)
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) amplification with the specific primers for cladogram were divided into three major clades

Summary

Introduction

Pisolithus is a group of gasteromycetes with worldwide distribution that form ectomycorrhizas with a wide range of angiosperm and gymnosperm tree species (Marx, 1977).The dispersal of ectomycorrhizal trees, such as eucalyptus and pine, outside their natural range, has resulted in the introduction of a narrow range of exotic ectomycorrhizal fungi into forest plantations in many countries of Europe, South America, Africa and Asia (Garbaye et al, 1988; Martin et al, 1998; Gomes et al, 2000; Díez et al, 2001; Singla et al, 2004; Reddy et al, 2005). Pisolithus is a group of gasteromycetes with worldwide distribution that form ectomycorrhizas with a wide range of angiosperm and gymnosperm tree species (Marx, 1977). Whether the distribution of these fungi reaches beyond these areas depends on the host range of the fungi and their ability to compete with indigenous species. Since Pisolithus was described, several taxa have been proposed based on distinctive carpophore and basidiospore morphology (Marx, 1977). Large variations in colony growth rates, enzyme activity, polypeptide patterns, and mycorrhizal ability have been reported Based on basidiospore morphology and mating incompatibility tests, Kope & Fortin (1990) proposed that the genus Pisolithus comprises several biological species

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