Morphological and immunohistochemical features of cartilage tissue used in reconstructive surgery of the perforations of the tympanic membrane

Abstract

Relevance: The problem of graft choosing to close the eardrum defect in chronic purulent otitis media remains relevant today. In the literature there are few scientific studies that examine the graft nutrition mechanisms. The purpose of this study was to study water flow features in the free lying fragmented cartilage graft used by us in myringoplasty. Materials and methods: The mass of fragmented cartilage autotransplants prepared for tympanoplasty, having the same area, was measured using electronic scales before immersing them in a physiological solution and after immersion. An increase of the transplant mass wasafter wetting it in a physiological solution. Morphological and immunohistochemical studies were carried out in 30 cases grouped into three groups: native cartilage, crushed (fragmented) cartilage and crushed cartilage hydrated by physiological solution. The histological material was 90 tissue samples. The histological preparations were made from all the pieces to assess the morphological characteristics of the cartilage. An immunohistochemical study was also conducted with antibodies to aquaporins (AQP 1, AQP 3 and AQP 8) to identify the localization of endogenous water channels in the auricle cartilage and to identify the role and transport function of aquaporins. Results: It is proved that the nutrition of loosely lying fragmented cartilage improves due to the capillary effect after crushing it, the adsorption of fluid by cartilage tissue increases due to the activation of aquaporins. For the first time, the localization of aquaporin AQP8 in the auricle cartilage was determined.