Abstract
The features of α (body-centered cubic) structures were investigated in a low-carbon multicomponent alloy from morphological and crystallographic perspectives. In addition to apparent features of granular bainite and lamellar martensite, a morphological similarity can be found between lath martensite and lath bainite. Therefore, it is of interest to explore possible discrepancies between lath martensite and lath bainite from a crystallographic perspective. These microstructures were obtained by various cooling rates (i.e., water quenching, 5 °C/s, and 0.05 °C/s) and then were characterized by a combination of scanning electron microscopy and electron backscattered diffraction techniques. It is shown that: (1) Lath martensite (LM) formed in the samples that were water-quenched, and a mixture of LM and lath bainite (LB) and granular bainite (GB) formed in the samples cooled at rates of 5 °C/s and 0.05 °C/s, respectively; (2) A Kurdjumov-Sachs relationship was mostly found in as-quenched martensite, while a Greninger-Troiano relationship represented the orientation relationship of LB and GB; (3) As the cooling rate decreased, the dislocation densities in corresponding microstructures were reduced, while the tendency of variant grouping was enhanced.
Highlights
The most common mechanical properties of polycrystalline materials, i.e., strength, high toughness, long service life, and versatility, are sought in material innovation [1,2]
The water-quenched specimen was constituted of martensite with a width rangerange of 1–1.5
Some researchers employed the phenomenological theory of martensite crystallography (PTMC)
Summary
The most common mechanical properties of polycrystalline materials, i.e., strength, high toughness, long service life, and versatility, are sought in material innovation [1,2]. These properties are largely determined by the microstructure of a material, which often results from a phase transformation during the manufacturing process. The microstructures in low-carbon high-strength weld metals are a mixture of LM, LB, and GB [4], and these three phases are all body-centered cubic (bcc) or tetragonal with similar morphologies and lattice parameters [5]. Each phase can have a specific effect on the mechanical properties of a metal
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