Morphogenic and structural characteristics of Marandu grass cultivated under grazing management and nitrogen fertilization

Abstract

The goal of this study was to evaluate the morphogenic and structural characteristics of Marandu grass cultivated under grazing management and nitrogen fertilization. The experimental design was a completely randomized 4 × 2 split-plot design with four blocks. The treatments consisted of combinations of two rest periods (28 days - RPFixed - and height of 40 cm - RPVar) and four nitrogen doses (0, 150, 300, and 450 kg N ha-1 year-1) applied as ammonium sulfate. The following variables were analyzed: leaf appearance rate (LAR), phyllochron, leaf elongation rate (LER), stem elongation rate (SER), leaf senescence rate (LSR), leaf life span (LLS), average length of leaf blade (ALLB), sheath length (SL), number of live and dead leaves (NLL and NDL), and tiller population density (TPD). The variables LAR, LER, SER, ALLB and SL presented positive linear relationships with RPFixed and a quadratic relationship with RPVar, considering the application of the N doses. As for phyllochron and LLS, a negative linear relationship was observed with RPFixed and a quadratic relationship with RPVar. The N doses caused an effect on LSR, following the quadratic model for both rest periods studied. NLL and NDL exhibited linear effects on RPVar. The best indexes for the rest period variable were obtained when nitrogen was applied in the range of 280 to 333 kg ha-1, whereas the dose of 450 kg ha-1 of N provided desired results when using a fixed rest period. The rest period alleviated the process of senescence, especially given the application of higher nitrogen doses.