Morphoanatomy, Histochemistry, and Phytochemistry of Stem and Leaves of Crateva tapia L.

Abstract

Crateva tapia L. occurs only in Brazil and belongs to the family Capparaceae. This study aimed to characterize the morphoanatomy and histochemistry of stem and leaves, and phytochemical tests of the leaf of C. tapia. Macroscopic characterization was performed with the aid of a pachymeter and a stereomicroscope. Cross-sections of the stem, petiole, petiolule, and leaf blade, as well as paradermal sections of the leaf blade were mounted on microscope slides. Analyzes were carried out with optical microscopy. For histochemical analysis, different reagents were useda ccording to the targeted metabolite. Phytochemical tests of the methanolic extracts of the leaves were performed using thin layer chromatography. Crateva tapia has a stem with a circular cross-section and smooth bark. The leaves are alternate spirally, compound 3-foliolate. The leaf blade is elliptical and has a reticulate dictiodromous nerve. Through anatomical characterization, it was possible to identify a hypostomatic leaf blade with anisocytic, tetracytic, and anomocytic stomata and the presence of secretory canals. Through histochemistry and phytochemical tests, it was possible to observe the presence of different metabolites. Thus, the results obtained in this study contribute to the quality control of C. tapia, a species only found in Brazil, increasing the taxonomic knowledge of the family Capparaceae.