Morphoanatomy, floral biology and reproductive phenology of Cambuí (Myrciaria floribunda (H. West ex willd.) O. Berg.)

José Dailson Silva De Oliveira,Ricardo Barros Silva,Cibele Merched Gallo,Eurico Eduardo Pinto De Lemos,Leila De Paula Rezende,Everton Ferreira Dos Santos

doi:10.1590/0100-29452021618

Abstract

Abstract Myrciaria floribunda is a species native to the restinga areas of the Atlantic Forest that presents great phenotypic variation in fruits, great socioeconomic importance in regions of natural occurrence and high productive potential. The characterization of heterogeneous populations is crucial for plant selection and breeding programs, since it allows the distinction of superior individuals. The aim of this study was to characterize the reproductive structure of M. floribunda accessions, and to observe the influence of climate and environment on its reproductive process, through floral biology, floral morphoanatomy and reproductive phenology. Apis mellifera and Trigona spinipes are the main floral visitors of cambuí. Stigma receptivity lasts up to 5 hours after flower opening and pollen viability was above 90%. Regarding the flower structure, the female sexual organ is monocarpic, the ovary is efferent, bilocular, with two ovules per locule, the inflorescence is fascicle-like and consists of small white flowers, actinomorph symmetry, heteroclamid and monoclines. Plants bloomed irregularly throughout the year, concentrating flowering in two periods of the year with the greatest peaks in March and August, while the greatest fruiting peaks were observed in April and September.

Highlights

The inclusion of native species in production systems is a preservation strategy that generates economic returns and ensures plant biodiversity conservation (LAMARCA et al, 2020; GROPPO et al, 2019)
To ensure the insertion of species in production chains, it is essential to develop works aimed at generating information on the floral biology and the reproductive system of these species (GONÇALVEZ; VERÇOZA, 2017; TRAMONTIN et al, 2019)
Knowledge about the reproductive system of plants is especially essential for native species in the process of domestication and aimed at breeding, genetic conservation, seed production and adequate management, important to estimate the mode of transmission of genes from one generation to another (SOBIERAJSKI et al, 2007; GUSSON et al, 2006)

Summary

Introduction

The inclusion of native species in production systems is a preservation strategy that generates economic returns and ensures plant biodiversity conservation (LAMARCA et al, 2020; GROPPO et al, 2019). Knowledge about the reproductive system of plants is especially essential for native species in the process of domestication and aimed at breeding, genetic conservation, seed production and adequate management, important to estimate the mode of transmission of genes from one generation to another (SOBIERAJSKI et al, 2007; GUSSON et al, 2006) This knowledge provides understanding about the interaction between plant and environment, identifying the best period for seed dispersal, phylogenetic relationships and greater availability of pollinators, allowing them to predict their reproduction periods, establishing sustainable use strategies and monitoring the impacts of exploration for the collection of fruits and for the species perpetuation (FERREIRA; CONSOLARO, 2013; FREITAS et al, 2013). The characterization of heterogeneous populations is crucial for a plant selection and breeding program, as it allows the distinction of superior individuals that can be directly released as cultivars or used as mother plants and gene source (KARIA et al, 2002)

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Conclusion