Morpho-sedimentary and stratigraphic characteristics of the 2000 Yigong River landslide dam outburst flood deposits, eastern Tibetan Plateau

Abstract

Sedimentary characteristics of landslide dam outburst flood deposits are distinct from those of rainfall flood deposits due to their very high hydraulic energy and sediment concentration. While they have been studied well in geological record, investigations of modern outburst flood deposits are relatively rare. Well-preserved flood deposits and landforms caused by the June 2000 landslide dam outburst flood in the Yigong River, eastern Tibet provide an opportunity to evaluate such sedimentological response to a high energy modern event. The sedimentary characteristics of boulder bars and channel evolution over c. 17 km downstream of the breach were investigated by field survey and remote sensing interpretation. The results show that the post-flood channel migrated downstream and increased in curvature. The bar shape is very little changed toward downstream, but the bar area shows a fluctuating decrease. Poorly sorted accumulations composed of massive granular gravels and boulders near the breach indicate sediment-rich bedload depositing processes occurred during rapid rising stage flows. In contrast, there are eddy bars and deposition of fine gravel with horizontally bedded laminations 17 km downstream of the dam, suggesting suspended sediment dominated deposition with a rapid loss of transport capacity. Comparison with previous hydrodynamic simulations indicates that the rates of the rising stage and the falling stage strongly affect the sedimentary characteristics of boulder bars and slackwater deposits.