Abstract
The adaptability of the strawberry is known; however, little is known about the morphological and agronomic performance of these runner plants when transplanted in the Southern Hemisphere. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether strawberry cultivars classified according to their flowering differ in morpho-phenology and agronomic performance. Six cultivars of strawberry were used, two of which were Short Day (SD), Camarosa and Camino Real, and four of which were Neutral Day (ND), Aromas, Albion, Monterey, and San Andreas. The cultivars were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four blocks. The research developed in two parts: one part as descriptive research (morphological performance and phenology) and the other part as explanatory research (morphology of the root system and the agronomic performance). In the descriptive research, the data about the strawberry cultivars were presented in a descriptive way. The data on morpho-agronomic performance (explanatory research) were submitted to analysis of variance and Tukey’s test at a 5% probability of error. It is inferred that there is variability among cultivars regardless of their classification in terms of flowering. In all cultivars, we observed a botanical structure called a hypsophyll that is not included in the morphological descriptors of the species.
Highlights
Brazil is the second-largest producer of strawberries (Fragaria ananassa) in the world, and the main region where they are produced in the country is the south of Minas Gerais, where 90% of the production in that state is concentrated, with an annual production close to 85 thousand tons (Curi, Peche, Pio, Caproni, & Oliveira, 2016).The runner plants used by the producers in the Brazilian subtropics are mainly developed in the Argentinean and Chilean Patagonia
This is related to the specific genotype of the cultivars used, since those cultivated in the Southern Hemisphere are mainly those classified as Short Day (SD) and Neutral Day (ND)
We considered 18 morphological characteristics present in the descriptors of the species (Table 4)
Summary
Brazil is the second-largest producer of strawberries (Fragaria ananassa) in the world, and the main region where they are produced in the country is the south of Minas Gerais, where 90% of the production in that state is concentrated, with an annual production close to 85 thousand tons (Curi, Peche, Pio, Caproni, & Oliveira, 2016).The runner plants used by the producers in the Brazilian subtropics are mainly developed in the Argentinean and Chilean Patagonia. It has been observed that due to this irregularity, there are alterations in the culture cycle These changes may be related to the development of the molt, which requires cold hours for the accumulation of carbon in the crown and for phase change (Tazzo, Fagherazzi, Lerin, Kretzschmar, & Rufato, 2015). The characteristic high concentration of these reserves in the crown is directly related to the capacity of the vegetative buds to differentiate from reproductive buds. This is related to the specific genotype of the cultivars used, since those cultivated in the Southern Hemisphere are mainly those classified as Short Day (SD) and Neutral Day (ND). In the case of SD, they flower in a photoperiod of less than 14 hours of light (Shalit et al, 2009), while those of ND begin to differentiate floral buds from the intrinsic stimulus of the cultivar (autonomous flowering route) or when several cycles of temperatures occur below 10oC (Coubesier & Coupland, 2005; Heide, Stavang, & Sønsteby, 2013)
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