MORPHO-BIOLOGICAL FEATURES AND PRODUCTIVITY OF THE ARTICHOKE IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE SOUTH OF UZBEKISTAN

Abstract

The article is dedicated to the results of research on the introduction of artichoke in the conditions of Uzbekistan. It was revealed that artichoke plants grow and develop well, form mature seeds during the growing season. The manifestation of morphobiological and farm-valuable traits largely depends on the age of the plants. A significant reduction in the growth period, an increase in plant height and number of stems, an increase in average weight and number of inflorescences and, ultimately, the yield occur in the second year of plant life. It was also determined that the potential productivity of artichoke plants in the condition of Uzbekistan is very high. The yield of the cultivar Krasavets is 55.5 t/ ha in the second year of life, for the Green Globe cultivar – 39.2 t/ ha. This is significantly higher worldwide. During the research, some issues of artichoke seed production in the dry subtropics of Uzbekistan were also studied. The studies were carried out on the cultivar Krasavets. When identifying the most effective method of forming a seed cluster, we compared the cultivation of seed plants without formation and 4 methods of formation: 1 stem per plant and three inflorescences per stem, 2 stems per plant and three inflorescences each, 3 stems per plant and three inflorescences each, 4 stems per plant and three inflorescences each. The highest seed productivity was noted in the variant without the formation of a seed plant: 734.2 g/ plant or 15789 seeds/ plant. However, in terms of such indicators as the mass and number of seeds from one inflorescence, the mass of 1000 seeds of a plant without formation is significantly inferior to other options. Based on the results of experience, the variants 3, 4, 5 can be considered appropriate to use in artichoke seed production. KEYWORDS: artichoke, phenology, inflorescence, productivity, mass and number of inflorescences, interphase periods, growing season, plant height, seed production.