Moringa oleifera: A comprehensive review on pharmacology, phytochemistry, and clinical applications

Abstract

commonly referred to as the "tree of life" or the "miracle tree," holds wide spectrum of medicinal and non-medicinal benefits, and so it is valuable herbal plant. has been traditionally use for treating various disease conditions such as wounds, pain, ulcers, liver disease, heart disease, cancer, and inflammation. Pharmacological studies have substantiated the hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, and anti-inflammatory potential inherent in extracts derived from various parts of the plant. Notably, bioactive constituents have been identified in every part of the plant, with over one hundred compounds characterized to date. The plant is rich in alkaloids, flavonoids, anthraquinones, vitamins, glycosides, and terpenes, among other things. Furthermore, the discovery of novel chemicals in the plant, such as niazimin A&B and muramoside A&B, has revealed potent hepatoprotective, anticancer, antihypertensive, antioxidant, and nutritional qualities.This current review underscores the traditional and remarkable advantages of Moringa, delving into its pharmacological characteristics, phytopharmaceutical formulations, clinical examinations, toxicity profile, and various other applications. Additionally, it aims to shed light on the plant's commercial and phytopharmaceutical applications with the intention of fostering further research. Despite this comprehensive exploration, the review acknowledges that many conventional uses of Moringa still lack scientific investigation. Consequently, the study advocates for further research to unravel the plant's mechanistic pathways, aiming to pinpoint and isolate the active or synergistic compounds accountable for its medicinal properties.