More research needed on Music programs in Nursing Homes and Senior Living Centers

Abstract

AbstractBackgroundIn the United States, most dementia care is provided in senior living centers/nursing homes. For various reasons, the response to residents’ behavioral problems is often medications which can have various side effects.MethodWe conducted a literature review in Google Scholar and Pubmed on music programs in nursing homes and senior living centers in order to explore the utility of non‐pharmacological programs.ResultSeveral studies indicate that non‐pharmacological interventions such as music programs improve patient behaviors and can lead to a decrease in negative behaviors like agitation. One study found that individualized music programs are associated with reductions in behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia and medication use. In another study of 4107 residents, Music and Memory program researchers found decreases in medication use and better behaviors. Music also improves memory in Alzheimer’s patients. Group music therapy can reduce depression among patients with dementia. A review of 25 Randomized Controlled Trials or Clinical Controlled Trials found most studies supported the argument that music programs improve mood, quality of life, and neuromotor performances. In particular, music can be customized to better suit the needs of the individual, as studies have shown the importance of selecting music connected to one’s social and national identity. Music programs in groups are also a great opportunity to facilitate social interaction.ConclusionThe literature supports the need for the arts for seniors however there is a need for larger, more systematic data. Further, there appears to be a research gap on how the lack of funding and reimbursement for music in nursing homes impacts access. For example, do residents have the same access depending on their location (e.g. urban/rural), primary language(s), and/or number of Medicaid beds? Do artists have the training on how to respond if residents become agitated or confused? People with dementia and their caregivers could benefit greatly from more equity in arts access as well as training for artists who want to better support seniors.