Moorings

Abstract

This article discusses the evolution of moorings as ‘platforms’ from which a variety of measurements can be made. These include not only the speed and direction of ocean currents, but also other physical parameters, such as conductivity (salinity), temperature and sea state, as well as surface meteorology, bio-optical parameters, sedimentation rates, and chemical properties. Most moorings fall into two categories – surface and subsurface. The surface mooring, with a buoy floating on the ocean surface, is exposed to ocean storms with high wind and wave conditions. Therefore, the surface mooring must be constructed to withstand the forces associated with those environmental conditions. The subsurface mooring is below the surface forcing and can be fabricated from smaller, light components. All moorings have similar components, but each design is unique. Factors such as the mooring’s intended use, the environment in which it will be deployed, the water depth, the payload it must support, and the deployment period greatly affect the design. The advancement of the subsurface mooring as a standard platform for oceanographic observations and the more recent development of reliable surface moorings are summarized in this article.