Abstract
On July 20, 1969, after a fraught 13 minutes of final descent, Apollo 11's commander Neil Armstrong and lunar module pilot Edwin “Buzz” Aldrin Jr made their historic first landing on the surface of the Moon. The US National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) estimates that all-told 400 000 people were involved in that effort. The Project Apollo workforce had laboured tirelessly to achieve the goal set by US President John F Kennedy in 1961 of getting a human crew to the surface of the Moon and back before the end of the decade. Project Apollo saw state-of-the-art science, technology, and engineering applied to enable what was arguably the most ambitious feat of exploration in the history of our species. The flight of Apollo 11 had been preceded by a fierce schedule of testing, which had seen newly developed space craft and technology launched and tested in orbit around the Earth and Moon.
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