Mood dependent memory for internal versus external events.

Abstract

Events that originate through internal mental operations such as reasoning, imagination, and thought may be more colored by or connected to one's current mood than are those that emanate from external sources. If so, then a shift in mood state, between the occasions of event encoding and event retrieval, should have a greater adverse impact on one's memory for internal than for external events. To investigate this inference, a series of studies was conducted that relied on a continuous music technique to modify mood, and on the generate/read procedures devised by Slamecka and Graf (1978) to distinguish internal from external events. Considered collectively, the results suggest that internal events are less likely than external events to be recalled after a shift in mood state. Discussion centers on both the empirical limitations and theoretical implications of the present results, as well as on prospects for future research. This article addresses the state dependent effects of moods on memory for internal as opposed to external events. To paraphrase Johnson and Raye (1981), internal events are those that originate through mental operations such as reasoning, imagination, and thought, whereas external events refer to sensory stimuli that are apprehended, or brought into awareness, via the processes of perception. Though the distinction is neither rigid nor precise--thought tends to reflect perception, and perception, thought--differences between memories derived principally from internal versus external sources do exist. For instance, several studies have shown that