Montmorillonite-reinforced xanthan gum-based biomaterial enhances biomineralization suitable for bone tissue engineering

Abstract

In the present study, we effectively constructed a biomaterial that consists of Xanthan gum, DEGDMA and montmorillonite infused as nanofillers for their prospective application in the restoration of bone. Utilizing FTIR, XRD, TGA, SEM, and numerous other techniques, each of the physicochemical features related to the synthesized biomaterial was characterized. The incorporation of montmorillonite was found to induce noticeable rheological characteristics. The fabricated biomaterial shows a more controlled release of drugs. The biocompatibility and the cytocompatibility of the synthesized biomaterial were demonstrated by the cellular attachment and growth of different secondary cell lines which remain active but do not produce enhanced ROS. An elevated ALP-activity, improved differentiation and increased mineralization by SaOS-2 cells on the developed biomaterial under an osteoinductive environment impart its capability for osteogenesis. This material can be used for delivering drugs and can serve as an affordable substrate for cellular activity. We claim that this material possesses the features suitable for bone tissue regeneration and restoration. We propose that the developed biomaterial has future implications in the biomedical sector at low cost.