Montmorillonite and vermiculite as solid phases for the preconcentration of trace elements in natural waters: Adsorption and desorption studies of As, Ba, Cu, Cd, Co, Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sr, V, and Zn

Abstract

An evaluation of the feasibility of vermiculite and K10 montmorillonite for use as adsorbent in the separation and/or preconcentration of elements prior to their determination was performed for As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sr, V and Zn. The adsorption of elements onto both clay minerals was studied using a multi-element solution in trace concentrations by batch technique, and no stirring under ambient conditions. Effects of adsorbent concentration, pH and ionic strength were also investigated. The desorption process of the previously adsorbed elements onto clay minerals was studied using HCl and HNO3 as extractors. In general, the adsorbents exhibited excellent sorption properties for most of the elements. The content of adsorption obtained was higher than 70% for almost all cases. On average, at low salt concentration (<0.05molL−1) the sorption efficiency was only slightly higher in montmorillonite when compared to vermiculite, however the reverse is true at high salt concentration. The adsorption of metal ions onto vermiculite and montmorillonite reduces with decreasing pH and increasing ionic strength. An opposite behavior was observed in the adsorption of oxi-anionic species of arsenic and vanadium. The results of desorption experiments indicated that a single extraction with 1.0molL−1 HNO3 or HCl was sufficient for the recovery of most elements with an average desorption of 82% and 90% for K10 montmorillonite and vermiculite, respectively.