Abstract
The spreading of a proton beam in the upper atmosphere is calculated based onMonte-Carlo simulations. The transport of the atoms is modelled in a magnetic field with dipolestrength. Neuralisation, ionisation and excitation mechanisms of the incoming particles areincluded from collision cross-sections of protons and hydrogen with an effective N 2atmosphere. Assuming an isotropic pitch angle distribution for the incoming protons, theirspreading in the upper atmosphere and the return flux of the charged and neutral component ofthe hydrogen beam has been calculated. Depending on energy and the tilt angle of the magneticfield about 10% of the incoming particles return from the atmosphere as ENA (Energetic NeutralAtoms). The ENA returning from the atmosphere show a source region below 500 km for theincoming high energy protons. For low energy protons, the ENA originate mainly from twodifferent regions, one around 700 km and the other at 400 km altitude, reflecting their sensitivityto several charge exchange processes.
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