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Abstract
The reflection and scattering properties of light incident on human skin covered with powder particles have been investigated. A three-layer skin structure with a pigmented area is modeled, and the propagation of light in the skin's layers and in a layer of particles near the skin's surface is simulated using the Monte Carlo method. Assuming that only single scattering of light occurs in the powder layer, the simulation results show that the reflection spectra of light from the skin change with the size of powder particles. The color difference between normal and discolored skin is found to decrease considerably when powder particles with a diameter of approximately 0.25 μm are present near the skin's surface. The effects of the medium surrounding the particles, and the influence of the distribution of particle size (polydispersity), are also examined. It is shown that a surrounding medium with a refractive index close to that of the skin substantially suppresses the extreme spectral changes caused by the powder particles covering the skin surface.
Highlights
Investigation of light propagation in human skin tissues is one of the most active topics in the field of biomedical optics, in dermatology and cosmetology.[1]
A simulation model was developed for light scattering and reflection from three-layer-structured skin covered with powder particles
We used a phase function for an isolated spherical particle, assuming that the effects of light interference between particles and the skin surface and among particles are negligible. This assumption can be relaxed in future investigations by employing the phase functions that take into account the influence of the skin surface and neighboring particles.[19,21,22]
Summary
Investigation of light propagation in human skin tissues is one of the most active topics in the field of biomedical optics, in dermatology and cosmetology.[1] Light incident on skin is partly reflected from its surface, while the rest penetrates into the skin. Skin tissue consists of several layers with inhomogeneous and complicated structures, and light is scattered and absorbed as it propagates through the tissue. Some of the light, which survives absorption and multiple scattering, emerges from the skin surface as internally reflected light. The complex tissue structure without some simplifications, prevents analytical investigation of light scattering and absorption in the skin. Intensive studies have been conducted for developing computational methods to analyze the optical properties of human skin. One has to deal with situations in which cosmetic powder or sunscreen is applied to the skin
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