Abstract
In this study, extraction of transverse momentum and space distributions of partons from measurements of spin and azimuthal asymmetries requires development of a self consistent analysis framework, accounting for evolution effects, and allowing control of systematic uncertainties due to variations of input parameters and models. Development of realistic Monte-Carlo generators, accounting for TMD evolution effects, spin-orbit and quark-gluon correlations will be crucial for future studies of quark-gluon dynamics in general and 3D structure of the nucleon in particular.
Highlights
The Parton Distribution Functions (PDFs) describe the number densities of partons carrying a momentum fraction x in a frame where the nucleon has very large momentum
Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) provides crucial guidance for the phenomenology of PDFs in the shape of factorization theorems and evolution equations describing the dependence of PDFs on the hard scale Q, which in Deep Inelastic Scattering (DIS) is associated with the fourmomentum transfer to the nucleon
Studies by HERAPDF [5] show that already for x > 0.2 the parametrization uncertainty for unpolarized PDFs is bigger than the statistical uncertainty
Summary
The Parton Distribution Functions (PDFs) describe the number densities of partons carrying a momentum fraction x in a frame where the nucleon has very large momentum. At large values of x, PDFs are dominated by “valence” quarks which determine the quantum numbers of hadrons, such as electric charge and isospin. PDFs, these functions have initiated a new phase in our exploration of the nucleon, and help to address long-standing questions concerning the orbital motion of quarks and gluons inside the nucleon, and their spin and spatial distributions. The recent past has witnessed enormous progress in theoretical and experimental methods for the description of these functions. In this contribution we discuss the highest-priority tasks to be addressed in the near future to advance the understanding of the 3D structure of hadrons, mainly focusing on the importance of Monte Carlo event generators capable of treating transverse and spin degrees of freedom
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