Monte Carlo Dosimetry Validation for X-Ray Guided Endovascular Procedures

Abstract

Endovascular treatment is continuously gaining ground in vascular surgery procedures. However, current patient radiation dose estimation does not take into account the exact patient morphology and organs' composition. Monte Carlo (MC) simulation can accurately estimate the dose by recreating the irradiation process generated during X-ray-guided interventions. This study aimed to validate the MC simulation models by comparing simulated and measured dose distributions in endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) procedures. We conducted a clinical study in patients treated for EVAR. Patient dose measurements were taken with passive dosimeters using Optically Stimulated Luminescence technology in 4 specific anatomical points on the skin: xiphoid process, pubic symphysis, right and left iliac crest. Dose measurements were compared to the corresponding simulated doses with the Geant4 Application for Emission Tomography (GATE) and GPU Geant4-based Monte Carlo Simulations (GGEMS) MC simulations softwares. The MC simulation took as input the computed tomography scan of the patient and the parameters of the imaging system (orientation angles, tube voltage, and aluminum filtration) and gives as output the three-dimensional (3D) dose map for each patient and angulation. A good agreement with real doses was found for doses simulated by the MC GATE method (P<0.0001; r=0.97; 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.96-0.98]), as well as for doses simulated by the GGEMS method (P<0.0001; r=0.96; 95% CI [0.94-0.97]). The mean relative error for all measurements was 5±5% in the MC GATE group and 6±5% in the GGEMS group. Process execution on GGEMS (6sec) was faster than the GATE MC simulation (5hr). Considering the current imaging settings, this study shows the potential of using the GATE and GGEMS MC simulations platforms to model the 3D dose distributions during EVAR procedures.