Monte Carlo dosimetric study of Best Industries and Alpha Omega Ir‐192 brachytherapy seeds

Abstract

Ir-192 seeds are widely used in the USA for low dose rate interstitial brachytherapy. There are two commercially available models: those manufactured by Best Industries filtered with stainless steel, and those manufactured by Alpha-Omega seeds filtered with Pt. Newly developed 3D correction algorithms for brachytherapy are based on dosimetry data obtained on unbounded phantom size, allowing corrections for heterogeneities and actual tissue boundaries. Published dosimetric datasets for both seeds have been obtained under bounded conditions. The aim of the present study is to obtain dosimetric datasets for these seeds under full scatter conditions. The Monte Carlo GEANT4 code has been used to estimate air-kerma strength and dose rate in water around the Ir-192 seeds. Functions and parameters following the TG43 formalism are obtained and presented in tabular forms: the dose rate constant, the radial dose function, and the anisotropy function. Tables for the anisotropy factor have been obtained in order to apply punctual approximation. Differences between dose rate distributions for both seeds show that specific dataset must be used for each type of seed in clinical dosimetry. The data in the present study improve on published data in the following aspects: (i) dosimetric data were obtained under full scatter conditions, which affect dose values at distances greater than 4-5 cm from the source; (ii) the dose rate tables are given at greater distances from the source; and (iii) the spatial resolution in high dose gradient areas, such as those near the longitudinal source axis, has been improved.