Abstract
For roughly 25 years, I125 and Pd103 sources have been used in the treatment of various malignant diseases such as prostate cancer. Various new sources have been marketed and produced to meet the demand for new sources to use in treatment. Recently, IsoAID LLC created the ADVANTAGE Pd103 source. Various dosimetric parameters must be determined to facilitate treatment planning using this source. Theoretical determination of dosimetric characteristics, dose rate constant, radial dose function, and anisotropy function for this new source followed the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) Task Group 43U1 recommendations. Theoretical calculations were performed in liquid water using the PTRAN Monte Carlo code version 7.44. The radial dose function of the new source was calculated in liquid water at distances up to 10.0 cm, and the anisotropy function, at distances ranging from 0.5 cm to 7.0 cm. The anisotropy factors and anisotropy constant were derived from the anisotropy function. The results in water indicate that the dose rate constant is 0.709±0.014 cGy•h−1•U−1 and that the anisotropy constant is 0.880±0.040. The dosimetric characteristics of this new source compare favorably with those of other commercially available Pd103 sources.PACS: 87.53.Jw
Highlights
For approximately 25 years, 103Pd brachytherapy sources have been produced for use in interstitial implants in various tumor sites
The uncertainty of the Monte Carlo simulation was determined by combining the uncertainties of the dose rate calculated in medium and the calculated air kerma rate
The air kerma rate was obtained from the Monte Carlo data by simulating the dose rate at 1 cm in phantom and dividing that result by the simulated dose rate at 10 cm in air with characteristic X-ray production suppressed
Summary
For approximately 25 years, 103Pd brachytherapy sources have been produced for use in interstitial implants in various tumor sites. Sources using 103Pd are favored because their low-energy photon emissions provide a rapid decrease in dose with increasing distance, minimizing the dose to normal tissues. Use of ultrasound-guided brachytherapy seed implantation for prostate cancer has increased greatly since the technique was developed in the early 1980s. The reasons for the increase are many, including patient convenience (one treatment versus many for external-beam radiotherapy), reduced side effects as compared with radical prostatectomy, and greater cost effectiveness.[1,2,3,4] With a shortage of available seeds and an increase in the number of procedures being performed nationally, several manufacturers, including IsoAid (IsoAid LLC, Port Richey, FL), have developed new 103Pd sources to meet the increasing demand. The reasons for the increase are many, including patient convenience (one treatment versus many for external-beam radiotherapy), reduced side effects as compared with radical prostatectomy, and greater cost effectiveness.[1,2,3,4] With a shortage of available seeds and an increase in the number of procedures being performed nationally, several manufacturers, including IsoAid (IsoAid LLC, Port Richey, FL), have developed new 103Pd sources to meet the increasing demand. 19 Sowards
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