Abstract
In the Pacific region, tropical montane cloud forest (TMCF) typically occurs as small and isolated patches on the rugged upland ridges and peaks of high volcanic islands. In addition to copious amounts of orographic rainfall, these forests receive substantial “horizontal precipitation” through direct canopy interception of wind-driven cloud water. Pacific Island cloud forests are also known as mossy, dwarf, or elfin forests because of the plethora of herbaceous epiphytes that festoon the gnarled and stunted trunks and branches of the woody vegetation.
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