Abstract
Psidium (Myrtaceae) comprises approximately 266 species, distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Psidium taxa have great ecological, economic, and medicinal relevance due to their essential oils’ chemical diversity and biological potential. This review reports 18 Psidium species growing around the world and the chemical and biological properties of their essential oils. Chemically, 110 oil records are reported with significant variability of volatile constituents, according to their seasonality and collection sites. Monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes with acyclic (C10 and C15), p-menthane, pinane, bisabolane, germacrane, caryophyllane, cadinane, and aromadendrane skeleton-types, were the primary constituents. The essential oils showed various biological activities, including antioxidant, antifungal, antibacterial, phytotoxic, larvicidal, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic properties. This review contributes to the Psidium species rational and economic exploration as natural sources to produce new drugs.
Highlights
Psidium genus belongs to Myrtaceae, Myrtales order, Rosidae clade, Malvidae subclade, and comprises about 266 species with occurrence in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world
The essential oils of Psidium species are rich in mono- and sesquiterpenes compounds arranged according their biosynthetic pathways [21,22,23,24,25]
The C10-skeletal monoterpenes are grouped in acyclic, p-menthane, pinane, bornane/camphane, thujane, and carane types, and the C15-skeletal sesquiterpenes are arranged as acyclic, cadinane, caryophyllane, eudesmane, germacrane, aromadendrene, and bisabolane types [26,27]
Summary
Psidium genus belongs to Myrtaceae, Myrtales order, Rosidae clade, Malvidae subclade, and comprises about 266 species with occurrence in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Their fruits are usually fleshly and sought after by several animals, such as birds and mammals, and used as a food source. This ecological relationship has promoted the conservation of genus diversity since the animals act as seed dispersing agents [5]. A review of essential oils from Myrtaceae describing various chemical analyses of Psidium species has been published [17]. There is no review focusing jointly on the chemical compositions and biological activities of essential oils of Psidium species. Due to the chemical and biological significance of Psidium species, in this review, there are 110 chemical analyses reported of 18 Psidium species growing widespread in the world and their biological activities
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