Abstract
Monostyrene (MS) residuals are daily migrating from different polystyrene shaping containers to our foods. In the present study, the distribution, accumulation and clearness rate of MS in different organs were done by one oral gavage of sub-lethal dose of 500 mg/kg bwt in male albino rates. Following MS in kidney, liver and brain indicated that the highest concentration peak was reached after 3 hr. Meanwhile, the maximum and minimum levels were detected in kidney (190.6 µg/100g) and brain (12.8 µg/100g), respectively. After 3 hr of styrene administration, the same decline rate was observed in the three organs. The clearness and metabolites rates of MS after 7 hr of administration were 93%, 76.9% and 71.1% in kidney, liver and brain, respectively. Further, this study investigated the effects of different MS at doses (0.1, 0.3 and 1.0 mg/kg) on growth performance parameters included weight gain (WG), relative liver weight, food efficiency ratio (FER), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and on oxidative stress biomarker; malondialdehyde (MDA) in the plasma of male and female albino rats after 12 weeks of feeding. All tested MS concentrations showed significant effects (P >0.05) on WG, FER and PER of either male or female rats compared to the control group. All these indices were more pronounced in both male and female that administrated MS at dose of 1.0 mg MS/kg bwt. Only in female, relative liver weight was affected significantly at doses of 0.3 and 1.0 mg/kg bwt of MS. Significant differences (P >0.05) were found among the experimental groups in malondialdehyde concentration in plasma of male and female rats; but not in nonlinear behavior. MDA concentration increased significantly (P >0.05) in female plasma compared to male at all tested doses. Styrene concentration in male liver after three months at oral administration of 1 mg/kg was 1.72 µg/100g. It is concluded that MS at tested levels had affected growth performance parameters and led to increase oxidative stress which could have significant health risks. Kidney is the main organ responsible for MS elimination. More precaution should be addressed to food packaging industry to control and monitor MS release from PS food contact materials.
Highlights
Polystyrene (PS) is widely used in the manufacture of food contact materials (FCMs), and in 2012, 50% of the domestic consumption of PS was related to food packaging and food service articles [1]
Tables (4) and (5) show the effects of stable dietary intake by male and female albino rats in addition to intake of dissolved styrene in sorghum oil (0.1, 0.3 and 1.0 mg/kg of the body wt.) for 12 weeks compared to control group which consumed a stable diet on the acquired weight, relative liver weight, food efficiency ratio (FER) and protein efficiency ratio (PER)
The highest accumulation occurred in kidney followed by liver and brain while, clearness rate was higher in kidney which passed in according to styrene metabolism in the body
Summary
Polystyrene (PS) is widely used in the manufacture of food contact materials (FCMs), and in 2012, 50% of the domestic consumption of PS was related to food packaging and food service articles [1]. Biedermnn et al [21] estimated the average per capita intake of styrene, per year in Germany by approximately 0.8-4.5 mg This range was taken from the milk, dairy products, fats, and oils in polystyrene packages. According to this study the intake of 338 gm of dairy products and milk, and 72 gm of fats and oils day/person may lead to daily styrene intake of 2-12 μg, i.e. equivalent to 0.74.4 mg/person/per year. This quantity is resulting from migration of styrene (5 to 30 ppb) from the polystyrene packages to the above mentioned diets. We studied the effects of styrene at doses of 0.1, 0.3 and 1.0 mg/kg bwt which in corresponding to the accepted daily intake (90 mg/person/day; http://plasticfoodservicefacts .com/main/Safety/Safety-of-PS-Foodservice-Products) in male and female albino rats fed for 12 weeks on the growth performance parameters (weight gain, relative weight of the liver, food efficiency ratio (FER), protein efficiency ratio (PER)), plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) level as an oxidative stress biomarker and accumulated styrene level in liver
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