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Abstract
The induction of protective immunity stemming from vaccines delivered by mucosal routes is dependent on the development of safe and effective mucosal adjuvants. The immunostimulant monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL®) was evaluated for its ability to enhance both systemic and mucosal immunity to three distinct antigens. Vaccines formulated with MPL® and hepatitis B surface antigen, tetanus toxoid or influenza antigens were administered by intranasal delivery to mice. In each case the vaccines formulated with MPL® resulted in enhanced IgA titers from mucosal samples. Enhanced IgA concentrations were detected in samples from both local and distal mucosal sites. In addition, the MPL® formulated vaccines induced systemic immunity characteristic of a Th1-type of response. Serum IgG2a antibody titers were elevated and cytotoxic T cell activity was enhanced.
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